Thisisnotagoodtimetobeforeign.Anti-immigrantpartiesaregaininggroundinEurope.Britainhasbeenfrettingthisweekoverlapsesinitsbordercontrols.InAmericaBarackObamahasfailedtodelivertheimmigrationreformhepromised,andRepublicanpresidentialcandidateswouldratherelectrifytheborderfencewithMexicothaneducatethechildrenofillegalaliens.Americaeducatesforeignscientistsinitsuniversitiesandthenexpelsthem,apolicythemayorofNewYorkcalls“nationalsuicide”. Thisilliberalturninattitudestomigrationisnosurprise.Itistheresultofcyclicaleconomicgloomcombinedwithasecularriseinpressureonrichcountries’borders.Butgovernmentsnowweighingupwhetherornottotrytoslamthedoorshouldconsideranotherfactor:thegrowingeconomicimportanceofDiasporas,andthecontributiontheycanmaketoacountry’seconomicgrowth. Diasporanetworks-ofHuguenots,Scots,Jewsandmanyothers-havealwaysbeenapotenteconomicforce,butthecheapnessandeaseofmoderntravelhasmadethemlargerandmorenumerousthaneverbefore.Therearenow215mfirst-generationmigrantsaroundtheworld:that’s3％oftheworld’spopulation.Iftheywereanation,itwouldbealittlelargerthanBrazil.TherearemoreChinesepeoplelivingoutsideChinathanthereareFrenchpeopleinFrance.Some22mIndiansarescatteredallovertheglobe.Smallconcentrationsofethnicandlinguisticgroupshavealwaysbeenfoundinsurprisingplaces-LebaneseinWestAfrica,JapaneseinBrazilandWelshinPatagonia,forinstance-buttheyhavebeenjoinedbynewerones,suchaswestAfricansinsouthernChina. Thesenetworksofkinshipandlanguagemakeiteasiertodobusinessacrossborders.Theyspeedtheflowofinformation.Trustmatters,especiallyinemergingmarketswheretheruleoflawisweak.Sodoesaknowledgeofthelocalculture.Andmoderncommunicationsmakethesenetworksanevenmorepowerfultoolofbusiness. Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyoftheemergingworld’sbrightestmindsareeducatedatWesternuniversities.Anincreasingnumbergohome,takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.IndiancomputerscientistsinBangalorebounceideasconstantlyofftheirIndianfriendsinSiliconValley.China’stechnologyindustryisdominatedby“seaturtles”(Chinesewhohavelivedabroadandreturned. Diasporasspreadmoney,too.Migrantsintorichcountriesnotonlysendcashtotheirfamilies;theyalsohelpcompaniesintheirhostcountryoperateintheirhomecountry.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyshowsthat,AmericancompaniesthatemploylotsofethnicChinesepeoplefinditmucheasiertosetupinChinawithoutajointventurewithalocalfirm. Suchargumentsareunlikelytomakemuchheadwayagainsthostilitytowardsimmigrantsinrichcountries.Furyagainstforeignersisusuallybasedontwo(mutuallyincompatible)notions:thatbecausesomanymigrantsclaimwelfaretheyareadrainonthepublicpurse;andthatbecausetheyarepreparedtoworkharderforlesspaytheywilldepressthewagesofthoseatthebottomofthepile.Thefirstisusuallynottrue(inBritain,forinstance,immigrantsclaimbenefitslessthanindigenouspeopledo),andthesecondishardtoestablisheitherway.Somestudiesdoindeedsuggestthatcompetitionfromunskilledimmigrantsdepressesthewagesofunskilledlocals.Butothersfindthiseffecttobesmallornon-existent. Norisitpossibletoestablishtheimpactofmigrationonoverallgrowth.Thesumsaresimplytoodifficult.Yettherearegoodreasonsforbelievingthatitislikelytobepositive.Migrantstendtobehard-workingandinnovative.Thatspursproductivityandcompanyformation.ArecentstudycarriedoutbyDukeUniversityshowedthat,whileimmigrantsmakeupaneighthofAmerica’spopulation,theyfoundedaquarterofthecountry’stechnologyandengineeringfirms.And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,Diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies. Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.Theprospectofworkingabroadspursmorepeopletoacquirevaluableskills,andnotallsubsequentlyemigrate.Skilledmigrantssendmoneyhome,andtheyoftenreturntosetupnewbusinesses.Onestudyfoundthatunlesstheylosemorethan20％oftheiruniversitygraduates,thebraindrainmakespoorcountriesricher. Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Many immigrants claim much more benefits than the locals.
B.All research findings show that the competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages of unskilled locals.
C.Migrants into rich countries tend to send cash back to their families and have become a drain on the public purse.
D.Diasporas help rich countries establish business ties with emerging markets in their home countries.
正确答案是D